Hayzed Magazine
  • Home
  • Auto
  • Business
    • Jobs and Careers
  • Education
  • Entertainment
  • Environment
  • Recipe
  • Health Care
  • Home Improvement
  • Lifestyle
    • Fashion
    • Shopping
  • Sports
  • Technology
  • Tour and Travel
  • Wedding
Home  /  Health and Fitness • Reviews  /  Disorders due to cocaine use

Disorders due to cocaine use

Jessica Hanshaw July 21, 2018 Health and Fitness, Reviews Leave a Comment
cocaine

Disorders from cocaine use in our society are increasing. Studies have been done that show that 5.9% of people between 15 and 64 have used at some time in their life and 2.7% have used cocaine in the last year.

In our country, cocaine, together with heroin, is the second or third most consumed drug among some drug addicts. Disorders due to cocaine use develop due to their ability to recapture catecholamines and serotonin from the synaptic cleft to the presynaptic termination.

As a consequence of its action, these substances accumulate in the synaptic cleft triggering the corresponding effects.

Although consumption is increasing, acute poisonings are rare. Poisonings usually appear due to a mixture of substances, since consumers prefer to take this drug with other substances, such as alcohol, with the appearance of different disorders due to cocaine use.

What is cocaine?cocaine

Cocaine is an active ingredient that is extracted from a plant grown in South America called coca. It has been the popular drug of the 80s and 90s. However, it is not a new drug but it has been known for more than 100 years. Currently, its consumption is illegal.

This drug is a very addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain. As we have already said, it is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant of the genus Erythroxylum. In addition, there are two chemical forms of cocaine that are usually consumed: the hydrochloride salt and the cocaine or base crystals.

The first, salt, is in the form of white and odorless powder and is consumed either injected or inhaled. At first, it was used for medical purposes as a local anesthetic. Afterward, the disorders due to use and its toxicity were observed and it was no longer used in a sanitary way.

As for the drug crystals or “crack”, they are processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate and water. Then they are heated to remove the hydrochloride and produce the substance that can be smoked.

Check this article: Stop Smoking | 7 Amazing tips to stop smoking

Toxicokinetics of cocaine

To know the toxicity of this drug we must divide it into four processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

Absorptioncocaine

The absorption will depend on the route of administration. If it is administered orally / inhalatively, it will present an absorption of 30-40%, being more likely to cause disorders due to use. If smoked cocaine is taken, the absorption decreases up to 10-20%.

After an inhaled dose, the effects are observed after 3 minutes and the maximum peak in blood is reached around 15 minutes. The effects at brain level are very fast, about 5-30 seconds, and last approximately 5-10 minutes.

Distribution

Cocaine is widely distributed throughout the body and can cross the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain. Due to its high liposolubility, it accumulates in the lipid tissues and in the central nervous system.

It crosses the placenta by simple diffusion (the type of transport in the body that does not require energy). If administered chronically, it can accumulate in the fetus. On the other hand, the half-life depends on the route of administration, the dose, and interindividual variability.

Metabolism

It is mainly metabolized in the liver after having passed 2 hours after administration. There are 3 biotransformation routes. The first is carried out by the cholinesterase enzymes of the liver, plasma, and brain producing metabolites such as benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, and ecgonine.

The second route is spontaneous hydrolysis in which no enzyme intervenes. And the last N-demethylation producing the metabolite norcocaine.

Eliminationcocaine

The metabolites formed in the previous phase are mostly excreted through the urine. From 1 to 9% are eliminated without modification with a higher proportion if the urine is acidic. This is because free cocaine is a weak base and will dissolve better without urine being acidic.

In addition to urine, it can also be eliminated in saliva or through feces. After 4 hours most of the drug has been removed from the plasma. However, certain metabolites may persist up to 144 hours after administration.

Disorders due to cocaine use

Overdoses of this substance cause symptom related to:

  • Adrenergic activity: cardiovascular complications, hypertension, tachycardia, and hyperthermia.
  • Central activity: euphoria, restlessness, hallucinations.
  • Digestive disorders : nausea and vomiting.
  • Respiratory disorders : respiratory depression.

In addition, several psychiatric cocaine use disorders have been described, such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder type II, cyclothymic disorder, anxiety disorder and antisocial personality disorder.

On the other hand, the long-term effects are similar to those of amphetamines although they tend to be more serious. Highlights the effects on the fetus during pregnancy and high mortality, mainly caused by cerebral hemorrhages or heart failure.

We also invite you to read this article: http://eatfitlove.com/2016/10/03/treatments-offered-at-the-drug-and-rehab-centres/

Tags: cocaine, cocaine disorders, cocaine use
Previous Article
Next Article

About Author

Jessica Hanshaw

Hello guys! My name is Jessica ; God creates me with lots of creative ability. But you know what? I never realized my hidden creativity characteristic and I tried to do a lot of thing in my life which put me on the wrong platform all the time.

Related Posts

  • Firefighting AFFF Foam

    Understanding the Cancer Risk of Firefighting AFFF Foam

    September 22, 2023
  • What is Involved in the Conveyancing Timeline?

    August 23, 2023
  • How to Get the Best Boiler Service

    August 20, 2023

Leave a Reply

Cancel reply

Recent Posts

  • How Selling Cars Online is Impacting the Automotive Industry
  • How to Get Your Drains Flowing Like New Again
  • Understanding the Cancer Risk of Firefighting AFFF Foam
  • What’s the Connection Between Balance and Interest?
  • Cleaning Radiators with Fabric Softener: A Surprisingly Effective Method

Topics

  • Auto
  • Business and Management
  • Education
  • Entertainment
  • Environment
  • Fashion
  • Food and Drink
  • Health and Fitness
  • Home Improvement
  • Jobs and Careers
  • Lifestyle
  • Reviews
  • Shopping
  • Sports
  • Technology Reviews
  • Tour and Travel
  • Wedding

Popular Posts

  • AC Unit for Hurricane Season
    5 Ways to Prepare Your AC Unit for Hurricane Season October 25, 2017
  • Tooth and Mouth Injuries
    5 Ways to Prevent Common Tooth and Mouth Injuries October 25, 2017
  • 5 Ways to Prevent Getting Locked Out of Your Car October 25, 2017
  • 5 Ways to Save Money on Annual Car Maintenance October 25, 2017
  • 5 Weatherstripping Tips to Keep You Warm and Save You Money October 25, 2017

Archives

  • September 2023
  • August 2023
  • July 2023
  • June 2023
  • May 2023
  • April 2023
  • March 2023
  • February 2023
  • January 2023
  • December 2022
  • November 2022
  • October 2022
  • September 2022
  • August 2022
  • July 2022
  • June 2022
  • May 2022
  • April 2022
  • March 2022
  • February 2022
  • January 2022
  • December 2021
  • November 2021
  • October 2021
  • August 2021
  • July 2021
  • June 2021
  • April 2021
  • February 2021
  • January 2021
  • October 2020
  • September 2020
  • August 2020
  • July 2020
  • June 2020
  • May 2020
  • April 2020
  • March 2020
  • February 2020
  • January 2020
  • December 2019
  • November 2019
  • October 2019
  • September 2019
  • August 2019
  • July 2019
  • June 2019
  • May 2019
  • April 2019
  • March 2019
  • February 2019
  • January 2019
  • December 2018
  • November 2018
  • October 2018
  • September 2018
  • August 2018
  • July 2018
  • June 2018
  • May 2018
  • April 2018
  • March 2018
  • February 2018
  • January 2018
  • December 2017
  • November 2017
  • October 2017

Random Posts

  • ride a bike as an adult
    How to learn to ride a bike as an adult? January 23, 2022
  • food business
    How to start your homemade food business in 7 steps May 19, 2018
  • Chocolate tart April 30, 2022
  • How to train for speed in netball January 15, 2018
  • Preventing Cross Infection in Medical Settings October 12, 2021

Tags

Annual Best Cameras Bio Breast Cancer Breast Cancer Symptoms Car Car Maintenance dominate Experience fish for beginners Food Business Food Truck Business freshwater aquarium fish Health Benefits Healthy Diet Hotspot inbound links Injuries Keep Locked Out martial arts Mouth Injuries negotiations Net worth New Business Ideas Ornamental fish Prevent Breast Cancer responsive Save Money search engine friendly SEO benefits SEO techniques Social networks Strategies Sunglasses Tooth Video Production Virtual Private Network VPN Warm Weatherstripping Tips weatherstrips Web Browsing web designing website traffic
Theme by ThemesPie | Proudly Powered by WordPress